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![]() Unix A family of multi-user operating systems, first developed by AT&T Bell Laboratories in the 1970s and then licensed to many universities. A basis for Linux, a very popular operating system among web hosts. UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply. UPS keeps the server running on a battery for several minutes after a power outage, allowing for a clean shutdown without loss of data. UPS can also shield the server from line voltage spikes and drops. URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a way of addressing used for world wide web. An URL consist of the type of service (protocol), then the host name and then the file on the host. Usenet Network of all the newsgroups in the Internet. UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair). Similar to the STP, but without the shielding metal layer. It is more prone to interference but is less bulky that the STP cables. UUencode It is a method of sending binary files using email - similar in purpose to MIME. VBScript Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Edition. Interpreted scripting language (subset of MS Visual Basic language) for creating scripts that can be embedded in HTML pages or for creating ActiveX Controls. Meant as an alternative to JavaScript. Here is the official VBScript site. VBScript is comparable to JScript. viewer An stand-alone application used to display files of different formats. For example a QuickTime move viewer or a JPG file viewer. Virus A virus is a malicious program written to do as much harm as possible. Viruses can spread themselves over the network. VPN (Virtual Private Network). A virtual private network is a method of accessing the private network in a secure way over public communication lines and networks. W3C World Wide Web Consortium. An international industry consortium that develops standards for the world wide web. WAV An audio file format. Very accurate, but offers no compression, thus resulting in very large files. Webmaster A person responsible for the maintenance of a particular website. whois An Internet service allowing to obtain the information about the domain name owner. Wide Area Network (WAN) A set of computers that are to far apart to constitute a LAN. In fact, WANs are very often composed of a number of Local Area Networks interconnected together. WWW World Wide Web (or Web) is the most popular Internet service. It allows access to the information and services from the web servers. A web browser is needed to use the Web. XML Extensible Markup Language. A meta-language, abbreviated version of SGML, used to specify other document types used on the Web. Accepted as a format in 1998 to replace dependence on HTML extensions. MSIE 5.5 and Netscape 6 both support XML. XML processor A program that can XML documents and access their content. XMODEM A file transfer protocol. Rather slow. YMMV Your Mileage May Vary YMODEM Popular file transfer protocol. It is faster than XMODEM. ZIP A popular compression utility. ZMODEM A file transfer protocol. It's the fastest of XMODEM and YMODEM and thus the most popular. free web site, Free Web Hosting. linux and web hosting
Plug-in An add-on piece of software that can extend the features of an existing application. For example Netscape browser plug-ins allow displaying of new types of web content, that the browser can't display on its own. POP Post Office Protocol. Popular but inflexible email retrieval standard. All messages are downloaded at the name time and can only be manipulated on a client machine. Current version is POP3. Also see IMAP. Port A socket on the computer or other network device used to connect it to the network. PPP (Point to Point Protocol) A network protocol widely used to connect computers to the Internet. Most often used on a telephone line. PRI (Primary Rate Interface). One of the two ISDN access methods. 23 of 64 Kbps B channels and 1 64 Kbps D channel constitute a PRI. Protocol A set of rules by following which two parties can communicate. The TCP/IP protocol suite is the basis of todays Internet. PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network). The set of all the traditional telephone lines and all the infrastructure that comes with it. Python Interpreted programming language, sometimes offered by hosts for server-side scripting. Here is the Python home page. RAID Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks. Type of disk, often used on servers, where several physical disks are combined into an array for better speed and fault tolerance. Level 0 implements data striping where file blocks are written to separate drives. Does not provide fault tolerance, because failure of one drive will result in data loss. Level 1 implements data mirroring. Data is duplicated on two drives either through software or hardware. Provides faster read performance than a single drive. Level 2 - not used in practice. Data is split at bit level at written to multiple drives. Level 3 - requires at least 3 drives. Data block is striped at byte level across drives and error correction codes (parity info) is recorder on another drive. Provides fault tolerance but slower writing performance. Level 4 - Similar to Level 3 but provides faster performance because it uses blocks for striping. Level 5 - Similar to Level 4 but improves performance but also striping parity info across multiple drives. Level 6 - Similar to Level 5 but also uses second parity scheme for better fault tolerance. Level 7 - Proprietary RAID design by Storage Computer Corporation. Faster than other levels because it uses multiple levels of cache and asynchronous I/O transfers. In addition multiple RAID levels can be combined to improve performance or reliability. Raw Logs Raw access data updated in real-time that can be downloaded and used by any statistics program. Typically each line show the user's IP, date and time of the access, what kind of request was done, which document was requested, HTTP status code, bytes transferred, referrer, and user agent info. If a host doesn't have statistics, you'll need access to raw logs to identify who your site's visitors are. Analyzing raw logs can also provide more detailed look at site accesses than stats. Reseller Resellers are usually smaller companies that still try to build their customers base. They don't own the server with user accounts but can perform most administrative functions. RJ-11 A standard connector that is used to connect to the telephone line. linux and web hosting. Free Web Hosting
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